History of the institution
In 1959, Boris Ilyich Peshkov, zoologist, one of the founders of the Borzinsky Museum, was transferred from the Chita anti – plague station to the Borzya.
Boris Ilyich was born in 1922 in the village of Upper Malarky Ust-Kara region. Father was a paramedic, mother a housewife. In 1941 he graduated from high school and was drafted into the army. Served in Chita, participated in the war with Japan. After demobilization, he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Institute of Zoology and Phytopathology, obtained the degree of doctor Humalog, and then in absentia and Irkutsk agricultural Institute. Until 1959 he worked at the Chita anti-plague station as a hunting biologist. An enthusiast of his business, who worked for many years in Transbaikalia, he had a rich knowledge of nature, studied the animal world, independently produced stuffed animals.
In the early 60-ies of the Department of dangerous infections received a decree according to which employees of the anti-plague station had to develop a lecture on the topic "the Guardians and carriers of infectious diseases" and to familiarize them with the population. During this work Boris Ilyich visited the enterprises of the city, schools. Lecturing to students, he noticed that the biology is very poor visibility. After talking with school biologists, acquainted with the school programs, he began to talk with students in the laboratories of the anti – plague station, where there were already exhibits-stuffed birds, animals, collections of insects, all kinds of herbariums of plants in our region. As a student, Boris Ilyich became interested in taxidermy - the manufacture of stuffed animals. Their manufacture he was engaged with his work colleague in the laboratory Innokenty Samsonovich by Fedorinin. Of course, such lectures were interesting and memorable. "Among the animals there are no good and bad, useful and harmful – they are all amazing," - said Boris Ilyich.
Now he is retired, but a tireless local historian, he continued to work for a long time in the Zoological Department of the anti-plague Department.
The collection of exhibits of Boris Ilyich was in the anti-plague Department for a long time, then in a small room of the school № 240, until with the opening of the Museum it occupied one of its halls.
In 1965, it became clear that the rich history of the Borzino region needs its own Museum. This question came to grips with the Boris I. Peshkov and Anna p. Rachkov, who was then working as the Secretary of the Executive Committee and is Chairman of the society for the conservation of nature.
Anna prokopevna, who had a pedagogical education and worked in the party leadership for a long time, was a kind, generous and sympathetic person. But at the same time she was very strong, strong-willed, demanding of herself and people. At the meetings of the Executive Committee, she repeatedly raised the issue of creating a Museum, insistently convincing her colleagues about the need for this decision. Many issues had to be resolved while the resolution on the construction of the Museum was adopted. Good support then had the Secretary of the city party Vera Petrovna Korobkova and Chairman of the Executive Committee Nikolai Ulanov.
The building of the Museum was built on the money of the society of nature protection, a significant amount was allocated by the society of hunters and fishermen. Construction led "Remstroyuchastok", where the head was Gennady A. Epov, who together with architect Nicholas S. Nikulin and Boris Ilyich by Puchkovym volunteer drafted and included in the construction plan. A huge work was done by activists of society of protection of nature Raisa Aleksandrovna Abaev and Maria Titova.
Bit by bit gathered historical information, people are "endowed" with valuable exhibits. Enthusiasts made free stands. The Director of the art school Anatoly Grigorievich Kireev assisted in the design and creation of the exhibits.
History of the Museum.
Borzinsky Museum of local lore was opened on December 2, 1976 on the basis of decision No. 385 of the Executive Committee of the district Council of workers ' deputies.
The Museum received its first visitors. The work started on the creation of a historical picture of our region, continued. Thanks to the efforts of the first Director Marina Arkadyevna Goloubeva, the Museum replenished with new exhibits. Thus, the miners of the coal mine "haranor" brought found in the works of mammoth Tusk and bones of ancient animals. Many archaeological finds have been deposited in the Museum a resident of the village Haranor, Amateur archeologist Alexey Terent a Belomestnov. Marina Arkadyevna has done a great job in creating the history of local peoples, their customs and traditions.
In 1984, the Museum was awarded the title of national.
After Marina Arkadyevna, random people worked in the Museum, the work was suspended. With a new effort, it was resumed with the arrival of a new Director, an active and interested person Larisa Anatolyevna Myasnikova. It is perfectly designed and brought to order the entire assembled and a wealth of material. Then the public Council of the Museum was created, which appealed to the residents of the city and district with a request to take part in the replenishment of the Fund. But health is not allowed to Larisa Anatolievna long time to work out at the Museum.
Significant assistance was provided by L. A. young Director of the Museum Nina Borisovna Malt, who became Museum Director in 1986, Her teacher and mentor was father Boris Ilyich Peshkov. For years work it was written 7 booklets:
Borzya, 1988.
"Tsagan-Olu. Photo of the village", 1988
"The 70th anniversary Alliacense commune", 1989
"The streets of the city tell", 1990
"The monuments of the city Borzya", 1997
"Flora and fauna of Transbaikalia", 1997
"Forever in service. Dedicated to Vitaly Shamsutdinov", 1999
In 2005, the "Chronicle of the history of times" was published, which restores the chronology of the history of Borzi.
More than two thousand visitors annually takes Borzinsky Museum.
She has long been working in the Museum, maintaining cleanliness and order, and plays the role of the caretaker, Nina Andreevna Lamanova.
In 1999, local authorities decided to move the Museum to the old building on Pushkin street, where it is now. With bitterness met the Museum staff this decision. During the move, of the already accumulated 3,100 exhibits, many were killed. Some of the exhibits had to be left in the same building, as they were not transportable.
In 2002, the Museum was moved to another building – a wooden one by a strong-willed decision of the head of administration. The building was built in the early 20th century and at different times it was engaged in schools, institutions and organizations. Recently, it has not actually been used due to poor heating. Despite this, the safety of the building is not bad, because it is on the Foundation, and the logs from which it is composed are well preserved.
The former Museum was given to the children's library, the second floor of the building is occupied by the Central district library. Temporarily under the office of the Museum staff and the storage facility were allocated other premises, the exhibition was dismantled, the stands remained in the same building. Currently, the offices of the building Department of social services, where originally was the Director of the Museum had to vacate, because over the lease terms. For exhibits left one room-the storage. This room can be locked, protection is provided by the head of Department Andonova T. M. The Director of the Museum Chipizubov E. D. allocated a room in the building of the district house of culture. The caretaker is located in the building of the children's library – a former Museum, where the exposition of the animal world remained. Two dioramas – forest and steppe, animals and birds had to be combined, because the room is a repository of books.
Initially, the Museum had only two employees-the Director and the caretaker. Not have the premises for holding mass events, exhibitions and hampered working with funds. Despite these difficulties, the work of the Museum staff is carried out: guided tours, provide methodological assistance to teachers, conduct consultations for students and schoolchildren. All services are free of charge. Created a work plan for the Museum until 2004, compiled a Handbook for the city of Borzya, Museum staff are working with libraries and environment facility, schools, vocational schools and medical school. Provided technical assistance in the establishment of the Museum room at the police Department of the city, took part in the creation of a video for private broadcasting channel for the program “Moscow trakt”, conducted site visits to the village.
The Museum funds were replenished slowly, because local residents were afraid of the lack of space for exhibits. Nevertheless, the Museum had support from local historians, teachers, veterans. The Museum funds have good exhibits – one of the largest collections of stuffed birds and animals in the museums of the region, collections from the famous Konduysky Palace, etc.
The timing of the opening of the Museum has moved twice: on June 1, 2002 and on December 1, 2002 For 2002 produced a minimum of repair and restoration of the building. This is due to lack of funding. Since March, the following works have been carried out: floors have been disassembled and partially replaced, openings in the internal walls have been sawn, unnecessary door and window openings have been laid, a heating system has been carried out, which is not yet connected.
The Museum building is located in the city center next to the Children's art school and the House of children's creativity and has a large area where you can place an external exhibition. It is planned to unite in this territory dhsh, DDT and the Museum and to create the uniform cultural center.
Since 2000, restoration works have been carried out in the building of the Museum, which were delayed due to lack of funding. But, thanks to the courageous efforts of the Museum workers, Nina Andreevna Lamanova, Nina Borisovna Solodova and Elena Dmitrievna chipizubova who replaced Her as Director in 2001, the Museum was revived again.
In 2003 the hall of nature was opened, and in 2004 two halls of nature and the hall of history of native land worked. Great help in the design of the Museum had Chita artists Orlov Nicholas and Modest Vyacheslav Leonidovich. Colorful panoramas, which can now be seen in the Museum, belong to their brush. All work on the creation of the exhibits in the Museum was supervised by the research staff of the Chita regional Museum Employment Olga Pavlovna and Вelomestnova Grigory Ivanovich.
The hall of history of the great Patriotic war was opened to the 60th anniversary of the Victory. In its creation took part the teachers Borzinskoy art school Kopylov Viktor and Schultz, Evgeny Alexandrovich.
In 2006, the city day was the opening of the art gallery. Here, the attention of art lovers offer to get acquainted with the works of Russian artists. The exhibition brings in Greyhounds Anatoly Budanov. In 2006, exhibitions of famous TRANS – Baikal artists, L. Shalikova, V. Kalashnikov and others were held in the art gallery of the regional Museum. L. salykova better known as the architect on the project was built by the famous chapel in Chita, at the foot of a hill Tito, and V. A. Kalashnikov is also known as the author of the relief on the facade of the hotel "Transbaikalia" and woodcarving, decorating the cinema "Udokan" in Chita. In 2007, the Museum was visited by exhibitions of Chita artists Kuznetsov, Kandalov. Since may this year, the exhibition of the honored artist of Russia V. I. Forov has opened. In March-April of this year, the Museum held an exhibition of photographs of the TRANS – Baikal branch of the Russian geographical society, and its opening was attended by the Chairman of the TRANS-Baikal branch of the RGO-Rudenko.
Since December 2006 the Director works Belomestnov Grigory Ivanovich.
Today, more than 2,200 exhibits are presented in six halls of the Museum. A significant part of the main Fund – the originals. By the nature of the collections and expositions, most of them are historical, tell about the combat and labor history of the city and the district. Great help in collecting the exhibits of the Museum is provided by local residents. Stored in the Museum "funerals", front letters, award documents of the great Patriotic war. Our region is rich in people with heroic biographies. There is a material about our fellow countrymen Vitaly Shamsutdinov and Alexey Salkov who took part in protection of the state border on March 10, 1969 on the island of Damansky. There is a photo of Andrei Uchanin in the Museum archive, taken a few days before his death in Afghanistan. Stands about our heroes-countrymen - participants of the great Patriotic war are decorated.
Hall of nature provides invaluable assistance in the education of environmentally literate and cultured people.
Among the Museum audience there are many children, teenagers, guests of our city. Forms of work with visitors are diverse: excursions, lectures, exhibitions, evening meetings, consultations. The mass work takes into account the structure of the audience, focus on the interests and features of the perception of visitors. The book reviews hundreds of entries from grateful visitors.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION
Stone heads of dragons, fragments of tiles from the Konduysky Palace. Refer to the 13-14 centuries.
Stone tools – scrapers, scrapers, adzes, cutters, and piercings. Nucleuses, plates, chips, etc. Belong mainly to the bronze age.
The remains of the armor plates, iron arrowheads, buckles, coins are dated from the 6-13th centuries
The collection was further expanded in the years, Malakhov M. T., and G. I. Belomestnova
PALEONTOLOGICAL COLLECTION
The beginning of the formation of the paleontological collection of the Borzinsky Museum belongs to the 70th years of the last century. The main part of the collection comes from the Haranor coal mine. From there, the skull of a woolly rhinoceros, the end part of the Tusk and mammoth teeth, the frontal part with the remains of horns and the teeth of a primitive bull (bison) were brought to the Museum.
This part of the collection refers to the Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era (Holocene – eoplistocene), if you use the geochronological scale, or to the stone age (Paleolithic and Neolithic), if you use the archaeological scale. Dates back to this part of the collections from 1.7 million years to the 8th century BC
In the 70-80s from B. I. Peshkov the Museum received the skull of a brown bear and a collection of skulls of rodents.
The bulk of the collection was formed thanks to the work in August 2007 on the territory of Borzya district of the expedition the TRANS-Baikal state University and the Museum of Geology Sabhu under the leadership of Sophia Mikhailovna Tits.
The expedition led by S. M. Sinitsa worked on the territory of the district in several points.
There were traces of food annelids of chondrites (Trails), microscopic siliceous tube rozhanitsy (Rozanites), bioturbated sediment processing sediment of small worms, the spicules of siliceous sponges axle, mink crustaceans. Also discovered the house of the caddis worm from ostropol, vyschelochnye shell Gastropoda of the radix, the remains ramashkevich crustaceans-astropod, the remains of the escape pine brachyphyllum, the remains of the stems of horsetails and Equisetum.
The early Cretaceous (145-120 million years) Catena – change of vegetation from the river-marsh through the slope to the watershed-is reconstructed from the plant residues collected on the Haranor section. To the lower part of the Catena (river Bank, swamp) are collected on the section of the remains of tuber horsetails, bundles of bifurcating needles – the remains of marsh forest, scraps of Vaya (leaves) fern.
The slope of the Catena are the remains of leaves of bennetitovyh-extinct gymnosperms. They had the form of a profusely branched shrubs or tonkostennykh testostorne unbranched shrubs bochonkovidnaya shape, and was covered with armor from petioles of fallen leaves and a felt-like hairs. Bennetites appeared in the Triassic period and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, i.e. they are typical plants of the dinosaur era (which are believed to be able to eat their juicy flower-like cones, picking them out of the recesses between the leaf petioles).
From the vegetation of the upper part of the Catena on the section were found the remains (bundles of leaves and individual leaves) of ginkovs - the only surviving species that flourished during the Mesozoic era. It was a deciduous tree, reaching a height of 40 m. with a diameter of up to 4 m., with a profusely branching crown, shoots of two types — long and short (the last perennial, covered with scales), fan-shaped notched leaves dlinnochereshkovymi. The genus Ginkgo appeared in the Jurassic period and until the middle of the Cretaceous period played a significant role in the forest vegetation of all continents. However, since the end of the Cretaceous period, this genus, while maintaining a very wide range, becomes universally small. The decline of Ginkgo may be due to the eating of its seeds by rodents that had already spread widely in ancient times (as well as the disappearance of animals that successfully distributed these seeds). The final blow of Ginkgo caused climatic changes of the ice age.
In addition, the Museum has a collection collected by the expedition of S. M. Sinitsa on the territory of the Olovyanninsky district in the place of the so-called ”Exposure Middendorf.” This place is known since the 40s of the XIX century, when on the right Bank of the Turga river the shepherd-Buryat found stone tiles with the remains of fish, shells and insects.
THE COLLECTION OF STUFFED
Mongolian lark, upland Buzzard, common crane, bean goose, Shelduck, Plover, lapwing, steppe eagle, Caspian tern, eagle owl, Mongolian excavation Sparrow, relict gull, herring gull, blue tit, bearded tit, white (polar) owl belomestny swift, brown Warbler, little owl.
ROE deer, tarbagan, wolf, Fox, manul, Korsak, dzeren, raccoon dog, etc.